The PhiSat-1 satellite is about the size of a cereal box and was ejected from a rocket’s dispenser alongside 45 other satellites. The rocket launched from Guiana Space Centre on September 2nd.

Intel has integrated its Movidius Myriad 2 Vision Processing Unit (VPU) into PhiSat-1 – enabling large amounts of data to be processed on the device. This helps to prevent useless data being sent back to Earth and consuming precious bandwidth.

“The capability that sensors have to produce data increases by a factor of 100 every generation, while our capabilities to download data are increasing, but only by a factor of three, four, five per generation,” says Gianluca Furano, data systems and onboard computing lead at the ESA.

Around 30 percent data savings are expected by using AI at the edge on the PhiSat-1.

“Space is the ultimate edge,” says Aubrey Dunne, chief technology officer of Ubotica. “The Myriad was absolutely designed from the ground up to have an impressive compute capability but in a very low power envelope, and that really suits space applications.”

PhiSat-1 is currently in a sun-synchronous orbit around 329 miles (530 km) above Earth and travelling at over 17,000mph (27,500kmh).

The satellite’s mission is to assess things like polar ice for monitoring climate change, and soil moisture for the growth of crops. One day it could help to spot wildfires in minutes rather than hours or detect environmental accidents at sea.

A successor, PhiSat-2, is currently planned to test more of these possibilities. PhiSat-2 will also carry another Myriad 2.

Myriad 2 was not originally designed for use in orbit. Specialist chips which are protected against radiation are typically used for space missions and can be “up to two decades behind state-of-the-art commercial technology,” explains Dunne.

Incredibly, the Myriad 2 survived 36 straight hours of being blasted with radiation at CERN in late-2018 without any modifications.

ESA announced the joint team was “happy to reveal the first-ever hardware-accelerated AI inference of Earth observation images on an in-orbit satellite.”

PhiSat-1 and PhiSat-2 will be part of a future network with intersatellite communication systems.

(Image Credit: CERN/M. Brice)

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The current ISS commander, German astronaut Alexander Gerst, was first to speak with CIMON. Gerst said “Wake up, CIMON” which prompted the robot to respond “What can I do for you?”

CIMON and Gerst’s first assignment was to perform a student-designed experiment with crystals. The robot, after recognising Gerst’s face and positioning itself autonomously, provided instructions on how to conduct the experiment.

On Earth, CIMON weight just five kilograms and was designed by Airbus. The orb-like robot has a large screen on the front which can either display cartoonish faces or information required for a particular task.

Till Eisenberg, CIMON Project Manager at Airbus, said:

“CIMON represents the realisation of an Airbus vision. It is a huge step forward for human space flight, achieved by working in cooperation with our partners.

With CIMON, we have laid the foundations for social assistance systems that are designed to be used under extreme conditions.”

IBM Watson provides the robot’s AI smarts for understanding questions. CIMON cannot process data itself and requires communication with a computer on the ground.

Matthias Biniok, IBM project lead on CIMON, commented:

“If CIMON is asked a question or addressed, the Watson AI firstly converts this audio signal into text, which is understood, or interpreted, by the AI.

IBM Watson not only understands content in context, it can also understand the intention behind it.

The result is a tailored answer, which is converted into speech and then sent back to the ISS, enabling a natural, dynamic spoken dialogue.”

Data is beamed to and from the ISS using the station’s WiFi network which uses satellites to communicate with the ground.

Bernd Rattenbacher, team leader of the ground control centre, explained:

“The data link to Earth is established via satellite to NASA/ESA and to the DLR’s Columbus control centre in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.

From there, the signal is transmitted to us, the CIMON ground station at BIOTESC in Lucerne [University], the Swiss User Support and Operations Center, which is connected to the IBM Cloud in Frankfurt over the internet.

The time needed for the signal to be transmitted via satellite is 0.4 seconds each way. A number of firewalls and VPN tunnels are in place to ensure data security.”

Despite the distance, CIMON is said to respond within a couple of seconds after a question is asked.

CIMON is considered to be a demonstration of what future human-robot interactions could look like on space missions – improving safety, and the ability to conduct more complex tasks and experiments.

 AI & >.

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